The difference between "pudding" and "dessert" in American and British English is rooted in their different culinary traditions and histories.
To sum up the difference, in American English, "pudding" and "dessert" are often used interchangeably. In American English, "pudding" usually refers to creamy, sweet dishes like vanilla or chocolate pudding, while "dessert" is a general term for any sweet course. British "pudding" is rooted in a long history of savoury and sweet steamed dishes, where it started as a main, meaty, salty meal and eventually became a sweet, baked treat, such as sticky toffee pudding or bread and butter pudding. "Dessert" in British English encompasses a broader range of sweet treats served after a meal, similarly to American English.
In Britain, "pudding" has a long history dating back to medieval times. One notable historical fact is that the English pudding was traditionally made with suet, a type of beef fat, which gave it a rich, hearty flavour and texture. In the 19th century, suet-based puddings were very popular in Britain and were often served as a main course. Over time, the word "pudding" came to be used more broadly to refer to any dish cooked in a pot or steamed, including sweet dishes made with flour, eggs, sugar, and milk. Many traditional British puddings, such as Christmas pudding and spotted dick, are still made and enjoyed today. More examples of traditional British puddings also include sticky toffee pudding, bread and butter pudding, and spotted dick. These puddings are often served warm and may have a rich, moist texture.
In contrast, American cuisine has been more heavily influenced by French and Italian culinary traditions. In American English, the word "pudding" typically refers to a sweet, creamy dish made with milk, sugar, and starch, such as vanilla or chocolate pudding. "Dessert" is a more general term that encompasses all sweet dishes served after a meal, including cakes, pies, and ice cream.
Overall, the difference between "pudding" and "dessert" in American and British English reflects the unique culinary traditions and histories of each country. While the terms may be used interchangeably in American English, the British continue to cherish their traditional puddings as a beloved part of their culinary heritage.